इन देशों में होता है महिलाओं का खतना

Updated: Mon, 12 Feb 2018 (12:14 IST)

फीमेल जेनिटल म्यूटिलेशन (एफजीएम) या आसान भाषा में कहें तो महिला खतना पर अंतरराष्ट्रीय स्तर पर रोक के बावजूद दुनिया के कई देशों में यह एक हकीकत है। इसमें क्या होता है और यह कितने देशों में फैला हुआ है, चलिए जानते हैं।

करोड़ों का खतना

दुनिया भर में लगभग 20 करोड़ महिलाओं और लड़कियों का खतना हुआ है। माना जाता है कि अफ्रीका में हर साल तीस लाख लड़कियों पर इसका खतरा मंडरा रहा है।

कौन कौन प्रभावित

समझा जाता है कि तीस अफ्रीकी देशों, यमन, इराकी कुर्दिस्तान और इंडोनेशिया में महिला खतना ज्यादा चलन में है। वैसे भारत समेत कुछ अन्य एशियाई देशों में भी इसके मामले मिले हैं।

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पुरानी बेड़ियां

औद्योगिक देशों में बसी प्रवासी आबादी के बीच भी महिला खतना के मामले देखे गए हैं। यानि नए देश और समाज का हिस्सा बनने के बावजूद कुछ लोग अपनी पुरानी रीतियों को जारी रखे हुए हैं।

यहां होता है सबका खतना

जिन देशों में लगभग सभी महिलाओं को खतना कराना पड़ता है, उनमें सोमालिया, जिबूती और गिनी शामिल हैं। ये तीनों ही देश अफ्रीकी महाद्वीप में हैं।

ऐसे होता है महिला खतना

महिला खतना कई तरह का होता है। लेकिन इसमें आम तौर पर क्लिटोरिस समेत महिला के जननांग के बाहरी हिस्से को आंशिक या पूरी तरह हटाया जाता है। कई जगह योनि को सिल भी दिया जाता है।

खतने की उम्र

लड़कियों का खतना शिशु अवस्था से लेकर 15 साल तक की उम्र के बीच होता है। आम तौर पर परिवार की महिलाएं ही इस काम को अंजाम देती हैं।

खतने के औजार

साधारण ब्लेड या किसी खास धारदार औजार के जरिए खतना किया जाता है। हालांकि मिस्र और इंडोनेशिया जैसे देशों में अब मेडिकल स्टाफ के जरिए महिलाओं का खतना कराने का चलन बढ़ा है।

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धार्मिक आधार?

महिला खतने का चलन मुस्लिम और ईसाई समुदायों के अलावा कुछ स्थानीय धार्मिक समुदायों में भी है। आम तौर पर लोग समझते हैं कि धर्म के मुताबिक यह खतना जरूरी है लेकिन कुरान या बाइबिल में ऐसा कोई जिक्र नहीं है।

खतने का मकसद

माना जाता है कि महिला की यौन इच्छा को नियंत्रित करने के लिए उसका खतना किया जाता है। लेकिन इसके लिए धर्म, परंपरा या फिर साफ सफाई जैसे कई और कारण भी गिनाए जाते हैं।

विरोध की सजा

बहुत से लोग मानते हैं कि खतने के जरिए महिलाएं पवित्र होती हैं, इससे समुदाय में उनका मान बढ़ता है और ज्यादा कामेच्छा नहीं जगती। जो लड़कियां खतना नहीं करातीं, उन्हें समुदाय से बहिष्कृत कर दिया जाता है।

खतने के खतरे

महिला खतने के कारण लंबे समय तक रहने वाला दर्द, मासिक धर्म से जुड़ी समस्याएं, पेशाब का संक्रमण और बांझपन जैसी समस्याएं हो सकती हैं। कई लड़कियों की ज्यादा खून बहने से मौत भी हो जाती है।

बड़ी कीमत

खतने के कारण उस महिला को मां बनने के समय बहुत सी जटिलताओं का सामना करना पड़ सकता है। इसके कारण कई तरह की मानसिक समस्याएं और अवसाद भी हो सकता है।

कमजोर कानून

बहुत ही अफ्रीकी देशों में महिला खतने पर प्रतिबंध है। लेकिन अकसर इस कानून को सख्ती से लागू नहीं किया जाता है। वहीं माली, सिएरा लियोन और सूडान जैसे देशों में यह कानूनी है।

यूएन का प्रस्ताव

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