बुधवार, 29 अप्रैल 2026

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121.667110988672Zend_View->_run( ).../Abstract.php:888
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  1. धर्म-संसार
  2. व्रत-त्योहार
  3. बुद्ध जयंती
  4. Secrets of the Stupa
Written By

क्या आप जानते हैं बौद्ध स्तूप का रहस्य

buddhism
Buddhist stupa
 
जिस तरह हर एक धर्म में एक पूजा स्थल अवश्य ही होता है, वैसे ही बौद्ध धर्म (bauddh) में यही स्थान 'स्तूप' (buddha stupa) का होता है। बौद्ध धर्म के संस्थापक भगवान बुद्ध हैं। बौद्ध धर्म के अनुसार बौद्ध स्तूप की संरचना बुद्ध के आदर्श शारीरिक अनुपातों के अनुसार धार्मिक स्मारकों की संरचना की जाती है।

इनकी संरचना भारतीय समाधियों व छतरियों से प्रेरित होती है। इन समाधियों के नीचे साधु-संतों के शवों को रखा जाता था। उनकी देह को गड्ढे में बैठा दिया जाता था और फिर मिट्टी से ढंक दिया जाता था। 
 
सभी संतों की समाधियों को पवित्र स्थल माना जाता है। रुवानवेलिसीया या 'महास्तूप' श्रीलंका के अनुराधापुरा के स्तूपों का मुख्य स्तूप है। यह 300 फुट ऊंचा है और ईंटों का बना हुआ सबसे पुराना ढांचा है। इस स्तूप को राजा दत्तूगमुनू ने बनवाया था। 
 
इस स्तूप की संरचना थाइलैंड, बर्मा और अन्य देशों के बौद्ध धार्मिक स्मारकों में भी दोहराई गई है, जहां पर श्रीलंका के बौद्ध मठवासियों द्वारा प्रचार किया गया था।

 
स्तूप के मूल ढांचे में चौरस आधारशिला होती है जो भूमि का प्रतीक है। इसमें तेरह सीढ़ियां होती हैं जो अग्नि का प्रतीक है। ये सीढ़ियां एक छत्री पर जाकर समाप्त होती हैं जो वायु का प्रतीक हैं। इन सब के ऊपर आकाशीय खगोल बना हुआ होता है जो स्तूप का मुकुट होता है।
 
स्तूप के प्रतीकात्मक रूप कुछ इस प्रकार होते है-
 
- स्तूप के सबसे ऊपर अग्नि की लौ को दर्शाता शिखर होता है, जो सर्वोच्च प्रबोधन का प्रतीक है।
- स्तूप पर बने दो प्रतीक (सूर्य-चंद्रमा) परम सत्य और अन्योन्याश्रयी सत्य के बीच मेल को इंगित करते हैं।
- स्तूप की छत्री का मतलब बुराई से सुरक्षा होता है।
- तेरह सीढ़ियों में से पहली दस सीढ़ियाँ 'दशा-भूमि' को दर्शाती हैं और आखिर की तीन सीढ़ियां 'अवेणिका-समृत्युपष्थाना' को इंगित करती हैं।
- स्तूप का गुंबज 'धातु-गर्भ' की ओर इशारा करता है और स्तूप का आधार पाताल का प्रतीकात्मक रूप है।
- आधार या परिषद चौकोर होता है, जो बौद्ध धर्म के आर्य चतुर्सत्य का प्रतीक है।

 
इसी तरह बुद्ध के पदचिह्नों को बुद्धपद कहते हैं। इनकी सभी बौद्ध देशों में उपासना की जाती है। उक्त पद में सभी अंगुलियां एक आकार की होती है। बुद्धपद पत्थर के बने होते हैं। इनके ऊपर कुछ विशेष आकृतियां खुदी होती हैं जैसे कुछ भगवान विष्णु की तरह ही। बीच में चक्र बना होता है। इसके चारों तरफ 32, 108 या 132 बुद्ध से संबंधित विभिन्न चौकोर आकृतियां बनी होती हैं। बौद्ध स्तूप की कई समाधियां तीर्थस्थल के रूप में प्रसिद्ध भी हैं।